I'll be honest, I don't think I've used a scientific calculator since college. But my teenage daughter uses one every time she does her math homework. The problem is that she's constantly losing her calculator. On the other hand, she has never once lost her phone. I suspect that her priorities in this matter are similar to those of most teenagers. That's why it's so great that the iPhone has a scientific calculator for backup.
To access the scientific calculator on your iPhone, all you have to do is open the Calculator app (the fastest way is probably through Control Center) and turn your iPhone to landscape mode. The calculator keyboard will expand to include all the functions of a scientific calculator:
However, if you are using your iPhone's scientific calculator as your main calculator instead of a back up, you may want to look at the functionality of other calculator apps to see if they suit your needs better.